History 231: Section
3
12:45- 2:50
BDC 153b
Office: Faculty
Towers 201A
Instructor: Dr.
Schmoll
Office Hours: T Th 2:50-4:50
…OR MAKE AN
APPOINTMENT!!!
Email:
bschmoll@csub.edu
Office Phone:
654-6549
Course Description:
The colonial foundations; political,
economic, social and cultural developments in the emerging United States; the
early agrarian republic; the Civil War.
Required Reading:
For each of these books, you may buy
the book new or used. Any edition is also fine.
1. Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography
of Benjamin Franklin (BUY THIS NOW!)
2. Frederick Douglass, Narrative
of Frederick Douglass (BUY THIS NOW!)
3. Thomas Paine, “Common Sense”(BUY
THIS NOW!)
4. Tony Horwitz, Midnight Rising(BUY
THIS NOW!)
5. Paul Johnson, A
History of the American People (COME TO CLASS BEFORE BUYING)
6. Weekly blog readings: Each week
you will have both primary and secondary sources to read on the blog.
The Blog: If you have questions or
comments about this class, or if you want to see the course reader or the
syllabus online, just go to our course blog:
GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES:
Educational theorists insist that
the stating of goals and objectives before entering into an instruction-rich
environment is crucial. Hence, I am including here the goals and objectives
created by the History Department. If you’d like to read more about the way we
learn history, Sam Wineburg, at Stanford, has some wonderful theory on how we
adopt historical learning practices. (For example, look up the following
articles, Wineburg, S. (1991). On the reading of historical texts: Notes on the
breach between school and academy. American Educational Research Journal, 28(3),
495-519. Wineburg, S. & Schneider, J. (2009). Was Bloom’s taxonomy pointed
in the wrong direction? Phi Delta Kappan, 91 (4), 56-61.)
HISTORY
DEPARTMENT COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR HISTORY 231 U.S. HISTORY TO 1865:
Goal 1:
Students will learn the chronology
and topical organization of U.S. history from the origins of European
colonization to the conclusion of the Civil War.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify
the major chronological divisions of U.S. history and discuss in writing how
and why scholars have divided the past into various periods.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to identify
the major topical divisions of U.S. history and recognize on objective tests
and discuss in writing the significance of such topics as epidemic disease in
the founding period, the role of political ideology in the coming of the
Revolution, the rise of slavery and abolitionism, the political consequences of
westward expansion, and the origins of the Civil War.
Goal 2:
Student will learn about the
origins of European colonization and the consequences of contact among the
peoples of America, Europe, and Africa in the colonial period.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to explain
the motivations behind European colonization of the New World, the origins of
the transAtlantic slave trade, the rise of the plantation economies, and the
roles of mercantilism and religious persecution in the founding of the American
colonies.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to define and
discuss such terms as Columbian Exchange, virgin-soil epidemics, and
Eurocentrism.
Goal 3:
Students will acquire an
understanding of the principal political documents of U.S. history, including
but not limited to the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation,
Constitution, Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers, and the Emancipation
Proclamation.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to write
about the core political ideology of the American Revolution as embodied in the
Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to explain
the historical context and significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Goal 4:
Students will acquire an
appreciation and understanding of diversity through the study of the history of
the contributions of ethnic and racial minorities and women.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to write
about and discuss orally the contributions of African Americans to early
American history in terms of labor, society and culture.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to write
about and discuss orally the contributions of and the prescribed role of women
in colonial America and how that role changed as a result of the American
Revolution and the subsequent urbanization of the United States.
Goal 5:
Students will learn about the lives
of significant individuals in American history.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify
on objective tests and/or essays the significant individuals in the history of
the United States from colonial times to 1865.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to write
about the contributions of a number of important people in the history of the
United States from colonial times to 1865.
Goal 6:
Students will learn about the
importance of republican principles and civic education in the sustaining of
the American political system.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify
the core principles of republicanism and the role of an educated electorate
through an examination of a number of historical crises in the era preceding
1865, e.g. the colonial debate over taxation and representation, the struggle
for the ratification of the Constitution, the Missouri Compromise, the Mexican
War, the Nullification Crisis, the Compromise of 1850, and the Secessionist
Crisis.
Goal 7:
Students will learn the
geographical setting for historical events and the role expansion played in
American history.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify
on maps and/or objective exams and essays the important geographic settings,
locations, and context for historical events.
Graded Coursework:
The work you do in this course is
listed below. For each of those areas, the best way to succeed will be to come
in to receive extra help. Both exams will have multiple choice questions based
on the lectures and readings. Hence, it may be a good idea to have me look over
your notes. If it does not seem that you are taking sufficient notes, or if you
are taking too many, I’ll give you some guidance. The earlier we can catch
these issues the better. The final exam will also include an essay. I would
love to go over in-class essay writing standards in my office. Come by and
we’ll talk about that. There’s also an out of class essay. That should be
heavily revised, something else I’d love to help you do. Simply bring a rough
draft by my office and we’ll talk. Be active!
Grading Scale:
Participation: 10%
Indian Removal Debate: 5%
The Slavery Essay: 25%
Midterm Exam 25%
Final Exam: 35%
Attendance:
Just to be clear, to succeed on tests
and papers you really should be in class. That’s just common sense, right? To
pass this class, you may not miss more than two classes. If you miss that
third class meeting, you are missing too much of the quarter. You cannot do
that and pass.
So, here’s what we do. Do your best
to not miss any class unnecessarily. Let’s say your boyfriend, girlfriend,
husband, or wife calls and wants to take you to Tahiti this weekend, but you
won’t be back until late Tuesday night. Here’s what you say: “Honey, I love
you, but Dr. Schmoll seems to value my education more than you do, so we are
breaking up.” Ok, that may be harsh, so don’t do that, but just make sure that
you do not miss any class until the 8th week. What I’ve found is that it seems
inevitable that those who miss two classes early for pathetic reasons like
doctor’s appointments that should have been more carefully scheduled get to the
8th week and then have to miss for a legitimate reason (like a surprise meeting
at work, a sick child to take care of, or a flat tire). If you get to that 8th
week and then have to miss your third class, it’ll be bad. By that point, I’ll
be kind, compassionate, a real shoulder to cry on, if you want, when telling
you that you’ve now failed the course. Now, if you make it to the 8th or 9th
week and you have not missed those two classes, then you have some wiggle room,
so that if, heaven forbid, your cat Poopsie gets pneumonia and you have to sit
up all night bottle-feeding her liquid antibiotics, you and I don’t have to
have that ugly conversation where I tell you that Poopsie gets blamed for you
failing the course. Let’s put this another way; do you like movies? No way, me too!
When you go to the movies do you usually get up and walk around the theatre for
10-15% of the movie? Let’s say you do decide to do that, out of a love of
popcorn and movie posters, perhaps. If you did that, would you expect to
understand the whole story? Okay, maybe if you are watching Harold and Kumar,
but for anything else, you’ll be lost. So, please, get to class or you will be lost.
Being Prompt:
Get to class on time. Why does that
matter? First, it sends the wrong message to your principal grader (that’s me).
As much as we in the humanities would like you to believe that these courses
are objective (at what time of day did the Battle of Gettysburg begin?), that
is not entirely the case. If you send your principal grader the message that
you don’t mind missing the first few minutes and disturbing others in the
class, don’t expect to be given the benefit of the doubt when the tests and
papers roll around. Does that sound mean? It’s not meant to, but just remember,
your actions send signals. Being late also means that someone who already has
everything out and is ready and is involved in the discussion has to stop, move
everything over, get out of the chair to let you by, pick up the pencil you
drop, let you borrow paper, run to the bathroom because you spilled the coffee,
and so on. It’s rude. There’s an old saying: better two hours early than two
minutes late. Old sayings are good.
So, what are the consequences of
persistent tardiness? What do you think they should be? Remember that 10%
participation? You are eligible for that grade if you are on time. By the way,
if you are more than 15 minutes late, it is considered an absence. Get here on
time. And no, I’m not the jackass who watches for you to be late that one time
and stands at the door and points in your face. One time tardiness is not a
problem precisely because it is not persistent. It’s an accident. If you are
late a three times, however, you will lose the entire 10% participation grade.
The Unforgivable Curse:
Speaking of one time issues, there is
something that is so severe, so awful, that if it happens one time, just one
time, no warning, no “oh hey I noticed this and if you could stop it that’d be
super,” you will automatically lose all 10 percent of the Participation grade.
Any guesses? C’mon, you must have some idea. No, it’s not your telephone
ringing. If that happens, it’ll just be slightly funny and we’ll move on. It’s
a mistake and not intentional, and the increased heart rate and extra sweat on
your brow from you diving headfirst into an overstuffed book bag to find a
buried phone that is now playing that new Lady Gaga ringtone is punishment
enough for you. So, what is it, this unforgivable crime? Texting. If you take
out your phone one time to send or receive messages you will automatically lose
10% of your course grade. That means, if you receive a final grade of 85%, it
will drop to 75%. If you receive a final grade of 75%, it will become a 65%.
Just to make this more concrete, just last quarter, three people lost their
whole participation and hence did no pass the class because of texting. Why is
that? The phone ringing is an accident. Texting is on purpose and is rude. It,
in fact, is beyond rude. It wreaks of the worst of our current society. It
bespeaks the absolutely vile desire we all have to never separate from our
technological tether for even a moment. It sends your fellow classmates and
your teacher the signal that you have better things to do. Checking your phone
during class is like listening to a friend’s story and right in the middle
turning away and talking to someone else. Plus, the way our brains work, you
need to fully immerse yourself, to tune your brain into an optimal, flowing
machine (see Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s incredible book Flow) that can grasp and
can let itself go. Students now tend to see school as a stopover on their way
to a career. Brothers and sisters, that’s deadly! I wish that I could pay for
you all to quit your jobs and just focus on the mind. I can’t yet do that, but
if I could I would, because it’d be worth every penny. Devoting time to the
mind and to thinking deeply about your world will change who you are and how
you approach your future, your family, your job, and your everything. Is that
overstated? I believe it to be true. So, until my stock choices really take off
so that I can pay all of your bills, promise me one thing. When you are in
class or preparing for class, you have to be fully here. Oh crap, now it’s
going to sound like a hippy professor from the 1960s: “I mean, like, be here
man, just be here.” Maybe the hippies were on to something. Devote yourself
fully to your classes by unplugging from the outside world for awhile.
If you want some scary reading, look into
how your brain is being rewired to resemble the brain of a drug addict. Overuse
of technologies seems to be an addiction…yikes.
Laptops:
Laptops may not be used in this
course. If you would like an explanation, by all means come see me. If there is
a verifiable issue that requires that you use a laptop…not just a note from the
doctor but paperwork from Student Services here on campus, let me know and you
will be given special dispensation. SPECIAL CASE: READINGS. You may bring a
laptop or kindle or some other such device to use on the days when we have
books to be read. You MAY use electronic versions and may bring the device to
class on that day.
Class Climate:
No, I don’t mean whether it’s going
to rain in here or not. Sometimes I’ll lecture at you, but even then, your
participation is vital. How can you participate when someone is lecturing? Any
ideas? Turn to a neighbor and tell them the story of your first day at school
in kindergarten. Now, if you are the one listening to the story, right in the
middle look away, look at your watch, sneer at them, roll your eyes, yawn, wave
to someone across the room, nudge a person next to you and tell them a joke,
all while the other person is telling about his or her first day of
kindergarten. If this happens in social setting we call it rude, and we call
the people who listen in that way jackasses. They are not our friends precisely
because we deeply value listening and do not put up with those who do not
listen well. Right? So, there will be lecturing, and if you abhor what we are
doing, then fake it. I used to do that sometimes too: “oh no, professor, I love
hearing you talk about President Reagan’s policies of supply side economics.”
If we listen to psychologists, by faking interest you’ll be learning much more
than if you show your disinterest. The next time you are sad force yourself to
smile and you’ll see what I mean. So, sometimes there will be lecture. At other
times there will be discussion of short readings that we do in class. During
these times, it’s crucial that you do the silly little exercises: turn to a
neighbor; find someone you don’t know and discuss this or that; explain to your
friend what we just went over in lecture; pick something from the reading to
disagree with; find two people on the other side of the room; throw cash at
your professor…ok, maybe not that last one. This class is a bit unique in that
it violates the normally accepted activity systems of college history
classrooms. What we do in discussion will help solidify the concepts of each
section of this course in your brain. If you are active in class, you will have
to study less, and you’ll find yourself remembering much more.
Reading:
How many of you love reading? I did
not read a book until I was 18, so if you have not yet started your journey on
this ever widening path, it’s never too late. In any course, there’s no
substitute for reading. Theorist Jim Moffett says that “all real writing
happens from plentitude,” meaning that you can only really write well about
someone once you know about it. Reading is one way to know—not the only, by any
means! I want you to have experiences with great texts. I can show you
voluminous research proving why you nee to read more, but then if I assign a
stupid, long, expensive textbook you probably will end up not reading, or only
reading to have the reading done, something we have all done, right? The
economy now requires much higher literacy rates (see The World is Flat), and
even though reading levels have not gone down in the last 40 years, it is
crucial that you start to push your own reading so that your own literacy level
goes up. For these ten weeks, diving wholeheartedly into the course reading is
vital. Remember to read in a particular way. As reading expert and UCSB
professor Sheridan Blau has argued, “reading is as much a process of text
production as writing is.” Reading involves revision? Does that sound silly? As
you read, think about the different ways that you understand what you read.
Most importantly, when you read, think about the words of E.D. Hirsch, who says
that we look at what a text says (reading), what it means (interpretation), and
why it matters (criticism). Hey, but if you are in a history course, aren’t you
supposed to be reading for exactly the number of miles of trenches that were
dug in World War One, how many railroad workers died from 1890 to 1917, or what
the causes of the Great Depression were? Anyway, the answer is yes and no.
There are two types of reading that you’ll do in college. As the literary
goddess theorist Louise Rosenblatt explains, there is aesthetic reading, where
you are reading to have an experience with the text, and there is efferent
reading, where you are reading to take away information from the text. You do
both types all the time. Think about a phone book. You have probably never
heard someone say of a phone book, “don’t tell me about it, I want to read it
for myself.” Reading a phone book is purely efferent. In this course you will
practice both types of reading. I have chosen texts that you can enjoy
(aesthetic) and that you can learn from(efferent). I want to see and appreciate
the detail in our reading, but in this course I’ll give you that detail in
class lectures. In the reading, it’s much more important that you read texts
that will live with you forever and to inspire you to think more thoroughly
about your world. As you read, you should be working hard to create meaning for
yourself. As Rosenblatt asserts, “taking someone else’s interpretation as your
own is like having someone else eat your dinner for you.” Please, don’t let the
numbskulls at wikipedia or sparknotes eat your dinner for you. Furthermore, there are some studies that say that Bakersfield is the least literate city in the country. Reading the fabulous, vibrant, fascinating, and difficult books that I have assigned you will fight against that trend!
Participation: You do not need to be the person who speaks out the most, asks
the most questions, or comes up with the most brilliant historical arguments to
receive full credit in participation. If you are in class and on time, discuss
the issues that we raise, avoid the temptation to nod off, to leave early, or
to text people during class (the three easiest ways to lose credit), and in
general act like you care, then you will receive a good participation grade!
Just being here does not guarantee a 100% participation grade, since you must
be regularly actively involved for that to be possible.
In fact, to get a 90% participation grade or higher, you must attend all classes, contribute thoughtful comments to the larger class discussion every day, participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
To get an 85%, you can miss one class and must contribute at least one comment per week to the large class discussion, participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
To get an 80%, you can miss one class and must participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
To get a 75%, you can miss two classes and must participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
Show up tardy more than once or fail to participate in the dialogue and the participation grade will begin to diminish quickly.
In fact, to get a 90% participation grade or higher, you must attend all classes, contribute thoughtful comments to the larger class discussion every day, participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
To get an 85%, you can miss one class and must contribute at least one comment per week to the large class discussion, participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
To get an 80%, you can miss one class and must participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
To get a 75%, you can miss two classes and must participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.
Show up tardy more than once or fail to participate in the dialogue and the participation grade will begin to diminish quickly.
Academic Honesty
You are responsible for knowing all
college policies about academic honesty. Any student who plagiarizes any part
of his or her papers may receive an “F” in the course and a letter to the Dean.
Here’s the opening paragraph of CSUB’s Office of Student Rights and
Responsibilities:
Academic Integrity
The principles of truth and integrity
are recognized as fundamental to a community of teachers and scholars. The
University expects that both faculty and students will honor these principles
and in so doing will protect the integrity of all academic work and student
grades. Students are expected to do all work assigned to them without
unauthorized assistance and without giving unauthorized assistance. Faculty
have the responsibility of exercising care in the planning and supervision of
academic work so that honest effort will be encouraged and positively
reinforced.
